Speaking about the nation but with local examples, Shulman looks at employment of minorities and others in economic ghettos. He believes unemployment is the heart of those ghettos. He says minorities are underrepresented in the more desirable white collar and skilled craftsman jobs, and the employment selection process may be a key reason for this. He advocates scrutinizing the job selection process to ensure it is fair and performs its intended function of selecting qualified applicants. He argues that employment tests often have nothing to do with identifying relevant job skills and may be culturally biased against minorities. To end discrimination, he says traditional employment selection systems may have to be abandoned or transformed.