The debate about judicial activism centers on how much of it there should be, not whether it does or should exist. Today litigation routinely accompanies every act or omission of government and large business. Judges have emerged as generalist watchdogs over technical specialists in increasingly technical litigations. The costs of government by judiciary can be high. Courts impose enormous financial and political demands on other portions of the political system without taking any responsibility for finding the resources to meet those demands. Shapiro gives his prescription for judicial activism.