Animal-rights fanatics had escalated their attacks on research facilities to the point where, as Dr. Nuland tells us, "Scotland Yard has recently called the Animal Liberation Front, after the IRA, the most dangerous terrorist organization in the United Kingdom." In this fascinating session, Dr. Nuland informs us of the centrality of animal research to virtually "all research as we have known it in biomedicine in the 20th century"--from vaccination to heart surgery--and he and Mr. Buckley discuss the moral context. SN: "There's a difference between ... animal welfare and ... animal rights. The difference, of course, being: Do animals have rights in the true theological, moral, philosophical, sociological sense as human beings do, or do they not?" WFB: "I would say animals have no rights, but we have an obligation not to amuse ourselves by treating any animal sadistically or wantonly."