Witkin criticizes recent decisions of the Supreme Court under Chief Justice Earl Warren. He believes that recent decisions represent a gross error of justice that allow obvious criminals to avoid punishment due to legal technicalities. For example, Mapp v. Ohio declares that illegally obtained evidence is inadmissible in court; Witkin argues that this enables criminals to go free because the constable has blundered. To Witkin, the Miranda warning is a monstrous invention that labels immediate police interrogation a violation of the Fifth Amendment. Finally, Witkin criticizes Chapman v. California, which places on the beneficiary the burden of proving a court error harmless beyond reasonable doubt.